Pakistan, officially the islamic republic of pakistan, is a country in south asia. Taxila museum is one of the most famous museums in pakistan. Taxila world heritage site is facing several problems. Taxila, pakistan wikimili, the best wikipedia reader. What we know is that parthia also went on growing wealthy on the landtrade which still poured through it. Another book seeking to capture central asian history writes that thesehunas, who came, sacking monasteries.
It was unthinkable that the muslims of indopak subcontinent will be able to exercise their religion with freedom under the british rule and the overpowering hindus. Gandhara an appriasal of its meanings and history gandhara. Doctor banaras khan awan is a classical homeopath from pakistan. G russia had a long history of religious freedom h russia often attacked the byzantine empire j russia was strongly influenced by byzantine culture russia was linked to constantinople by the dnieper river. You can grab a selection of books from the punjab board here, with everything from primary to class 12 available as pdf files. Microsoft forced the upgrade to windows 10 and i have had nothing but trouble since. Taxila acted as a focal point in these eastwest routes. If the file lacks a description you can check edits the uploader made just after uploading this file with this tool if this media is not useful, please propose it for deletion or list it at.
Taxila terletak sekitar 32 km 20 mi barat laut islamabad dan rawalpindi, sepanjang grand trunk road bersejarah, dekat pusat ziarah sikh penting di hasan abdal, dan taman wah zaman mughal taxila kuno secara historis disebut sebagai takshashila dalam bahasa sanskerta, dan takkasila dalam bahasa pali. Students finished when the teacher said they were done taxila became a great. It allows the user to utilize various images, fonts, and text formats sometimes searchable and containing hyperlinks in. It is an arabic dish more popular in punjab and sindh. The laurelate head of the bearded god janus, generally shown with a face to the past and a face to the future, decorates the obverse or front side. The murundas and the ancient traderoute from taxila to ujjain published on 01 jan 1966 by brill. Taxila terletak sekitar 32 km 20 mi barat laut islamabad dan rawalpindi, sepanjang grand trunk road bersejarah, dekat pusat ziarah sikh penting di hasan abdal, dan taman wah zaman mughal. The byzantine church allowed people to worship using their own languages instead of latin. Pakistan has a 1,046kilometre 650mile coastline along the arabian sea and gulf of oman in the south and is bordered by.
The harvard of ancient times students at taxila university learned archery, horse riding, elephant riding, philosophy, defence sciences, grammar, religion, law no examinations. But in a case yet you have any further questions in your mind you can ask us through the following comment box. Taxila is situated about 32 km 20 mi northwest of islamabad and rawalpindi, along the historic grand trunk road, near the important sikh pilgrimage centre of hasan abdal, and the mughalera wah gardens ancient taxila was historically referred to as takshashila in sanskrit, and takkasila in pali. D taxila map legend at succession of cyrus i under cyrus the great added by cambyses added by darius vassal and tributary regions w e n s persian empire odessus nineveh memphis taxila vaspr08 eoc whist i rb 32808 9. More than 2700 years back a huge university existed in that ancient india where over 10,500 students from all across the world came for higher studies. Taxila is known from references in indian and grecoroman literary sources and from the accounts of two chinese buddhist pilgrims, faxian and xuanzang. When it comes to ancient history, pakistan contains its fair share of treasures, one of the prominent of these being the ancient metropolis of taxila. It is the worlds fifthmost populous country with a population exceeding 212. The tools to create and view pdffiles, acrobat, were released in on 15 june 1993. Pdf files are designed to work on multiple platforms and software the term itself, portable document format, was given as this file format is designed to portable and easy to share amongst users, especially in situations where not everyone in a group has access to the same software. Following functions have been allocated to national history and literary heritage division under the rules of business 1973. Apart from the handicrafts the citys stone work is also very famous and a small cottage industry for stone works has emerged in the city.
The greeks pared the citys name down to taxila which became the name that the europeans were familiar with ever since the time of alexander the great takshashila can also alternately be translated to rock of taksha in reference to the ramayana which. Because of the scarcity of ancient texts and of available archaeological data, the numismatic evidence constitutes the main source for the reconstruction of the history of the greeks and their successors in bactria and india. Click on a datetime to view the file as it appeared at that time. Taxila was an early center of learning dating back to at least the 5th century bce. The composition of the rigveda was followed by the brahmanas. Map of taxila the ancient geography of india, volume 1. This coin, manufactured in rome in 338269 bce, has a diameter of 6. At that time, it was referred to as ips which stood for interchange postscript. Components of a refrigerating system, leakage, domestic and commercial applications. Ghandhara an appraisal of its meaning and history 3 occurs in the rigveda about one thousand years before the advent of buddhism in gandhara smith 1964. Very helpful notes for the students of 2nd year to prepare their paper of pak studies according to syllabus given by federal board of intermediate and secondary education fbise, faisalabad board, multan board, sargodha board, dg. This religious freedom for the muslims and other minorities was the main idea behind the foundation of pakistan. These pak studies fsc part 2 short questions english notes are according to punjab text book board, lahore.
The pdf file format is pretty flexible however and it allows for the use of extensions data that might have value to a certain application but that other software can simply ignore. Educational institutes taxila, nalanda and vallabhi. The ever present challenge of what is generally summarized as globalisation a term which, for our specific focus, describes the accelerating. Current status of management and protection of taxila world. This file is licensed under the creative commons attributionshare alike 3. Literally meaning city of cut stone or rock of taksha, takshashila rendered by greek writers as taxila was founded, according to the indian epic ramayana, by bharata, younger brother of rama, an incarnation of the hindu. Current status of management and protection of taxila. From the ancient geography of india, volume 1 by sir alexander cunningham pg.
The murundas and the ancient traderoute from taxila to. Price history tables and charts usa china western europe world export hotrolled band coldrolled coil standard plate rebar steel scrap. Indian history questions answers mcq general knowledge. Taxila was known in pali as takkasila, and in sanskrit as takshashila, iast. Among ancient religions of indian subcontinent, jainism is the only one that remained a practicing religion in. I hope you have gained all the basic and general knowledge mcqs questions about pakistan from the abovegiven table. The applicant countries prepare field files to be analyzed by unesco and whc, in. By area, it is the 33rdlargest country, spanning 881,9 square kilometres 340,509 square miles. Educational institutes taxila, nalanda and vallabhi gujrat. Taxila, pakistan wikipedia bahasa indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas. D the history of herodotus vaspr08 eoc whist i rb 32808 9. The greenwood histories of the modern nations, issn 1096 2905 includes bibliographical references and index.
History of pakistan in urdu download pdf urdumania. The next step in taxila s history was the indogreek descendents of the alexander warriors. When i try a filehistory backup, after i plugged my thumb drive into the e. Name the book that holds menanders discussion with the buddhist monk. Parts of khyberpakhtunkhwa kp and balochistan almost completely overlook dishes such as nihari and biryani. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in. Taxila was a hub of buddhism, a centre of learning, an. History pdf books free download page 31 of 33 ebookmela.
But what i would really suggest you go for, alongside this, is the murder of history. What was the time period of indus civilization harappan civilization. This first version was of no use for the prepress community. The history of pdf how the file format and acrobat evolved. Taxila is situated about 32 km 20 mi northwest of islamabad and rawalpindi, just off the famous grand trunk road. Brief history of refrigeration, the refrigeration cycle, air cycle and heat pumps, reverse carnot cycle, the vaporcompression cycles, coefficient of performance, introduction to pressureenthalpy charts. This was the takshashila university of ancient india wrongly spelled as taxila today. The land routes was nevertrade of these over completely interrupted despite vicissitudes and the best efforts of the romans to divert it to the sea3. Sep 07, 2012 brief history of refrigeration, the refrigeration cycle, air cycle and heat pumps, reverse carnot cycle, the vaporcompression cycles, coefficient of performance, introduction to pressureenthalpy charts.
Who built the new capital city near taxila and what was the name of the city. Making a pharmacymedical related website i have also added the link of two pdf files below in the employment history containing my previous work an assignment and a presentation where i helped a fourth year pharmd student regarding industrial pharmacys assignment, the. A fresh light1 abstract this paper attempts to understand the history, art and architecture of jains in pakistan with the new perspective. Rare and unique coins, other than punchmarked, found at taxila between 1912 and 1934. D, and within these 200 years taxila became the most renowned center for philosophy, art and learning. By some accounts, taxila was considered to be one of the earliest or the earliest universities in the world. The great kushan dynasty was then established in 50 a. Pdf files present a document in a fixed layout much like an image which translates the same throughout various programs, hardware, and operating systems. It is one of the most known ancient universities of india.
The jain history, art and architecture in pakistan. Pdf stands for portable document format and was developed by adobe. Taxila is situated about 32 km 20 mi northwest of islamabad and rawalpindi, along the historic grand trunk road, near the important sikh pilgrimage centre of hasan abdal, and the mughalera wah gardens. Was gandhara a holy place even then to justify the meaning land of fragrance there is no evidence to support it. It allows the user to utilize various images, fonts, and text formats sometimes searchable and containing hyperlinks in a single document that is printready and easy to share from any.
It is a city of the gandharan civilization, sometimes known as one of its capitals, whose history can be traced from early microlithic communities at the khanpur caves up to almost ce. Two hoards of silver punchmarked coins found in the bhir mound at taxila. For several years prior to this, she was teaching in the department of history of art at the national museum institute, new delhi. And this is from a book which claims to be a historical survey of the destruction of knowledge from ancient babylon and china to modern times. Others do not consider it a university in the modern sense, in that the teachers living there may not have had official membership of particular colleges, and there did not seem to have existed purposebuilt lecture halls and residential quarters in taxila, in. Acrobat 9 pdf files are enhanced with such extensions, called adobe extension level 3. Taxila or takshashila was an ancient capital city of the buddhist kingdom of gandhara and a center of learning, what is now northwestern pakistan. Taksha the shortened moniker for takshashila institute was named after takshas cutrock or stele city in ancient northern india, the site of the ancient worlds supposed first international university c.
In the last two decades, the discipline of art history has entered a new stage of methodological debate. International agreements and assistance in the field of archaeology, national museums and historical monuments declared to be of national importance 2. All land routes from the west and north have to pass through this city. Taxila is famous for its handicrafts which not only reflect the citys culture but the history of the place as well. During its times this university was the iit and mit of the world, where the students. What was important to greeks, now in control of taxila, was the trade with the seleucid empire through seleucia, because there is very little pointing towards egypt.
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